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Introduction to common components in fiber optic cabling

2024-04-07

Latest company news about Introduction to common components in fiber optic cabling

 

 

A series of fiber optic products will be presented to you below, including fiber optic jumpers and pigtails, fiber optic connectors, fiber optic couplers, fiber optic splice boxes, fiber optic patch panels, and fiber optic transceivers.

 

 

01
 
Fiber optic jumpers and pigtails
 

 

Jumper: Used to make jumpers from equipment to fiber optic cabling links. It has a thicker protective layer and is generally used for the connection between the optical terminal and the terminal box.

Pigtail: Only one end has a connector, and the other end is a broken end of the fiber core of an optical cable. It is connected to the core of other optical cables through fusion splicing. It is often found in optical fiber terminal boxes and is used to connect optical cables and optical fiber transceivers (between Couplers, jumpers, etc. are also used).

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→ The difference in use between the two: jumpers are used to connect pigtails and terminal equipment, and pigtails are used to connect optical cables and jumpers.

→ The difference in appearance between the two: only one end of the pigtail has a movable connector, while both ends of the jumper have movable connectors. There are many kinds of interfaces. Different interfaces require different couplers. The jumper can be divided into two and used as a pigtail.

 

02
 
Optical fiber connector
 

 

Fiber optic couplers are also a very important part of fiber optic knowledge. Generally, according to the connector structure, they can be divided into FC, SC, ST, LC and special connectors D4, DIN, MU, MT, etc.

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03
 
Fiber optic coupler
 

 

Many people have misunderstandings about fiber optic couplers and adapters, thinking that they are the same series. In fact, they are easy to distinguish. Just look at the picture below.

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If it is used to connect two optical fiber connectors of the same type (such as ST/ST SC/SC, etc.), it is called a coupler. If it is used to connect two different types of optical fiber connectors (such as ST/LC SC/LC), it is called an adapter.

 

● Definition of fiber optic coupler

Components used to split/combine optical signals or extend optical fiber links.

● Common classifications of fiber optic couplers

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●The role of fiber optic coupler

1. Convert optical signals into electrical signals;

2. Couple multi-mode signals into single-mode signals;

3. Make the cross-section optical fiber holes of the two optical fiber connectors conductive;

4. Connect the two sets of optical signals to each other.

 

04
 
Fiber optic terminal box
 

 

●The function of terminal box

Provide fiber-to-fiber splicing, fiber-to-pigtail splicing, and optical connector handover. It provides mechanical and environmental protection for optical fiber and its components and allows for appropriate inspection to maintain the highest standards of fiber management.

● Common styles of terminal boxes

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●Special introduction to products that match fiber optic terminal boxes

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05
 
Fiber optic splice box
 

Commonly known as optical cable splice package, it belongs to the mechanical pressure sealing joint system and is a splice protection device that provides optical, sealing and mechanical strength continuity between adjacent optical cables. There are many installation tutorials for optical cable splice boxes. Here we mainly introduce the tips for fiber coiling and splicing fixation.

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● Optical cable splicing box fiber discing skills

1. The optical fiber cannot be placed in small circles in the disk, and the length of the optical fiber must be appropriate. If the fiber is made in small circles or the bending radius is too small, the optical signal loss will increase; if the length of the reserved fiber is too short, it will be difficult to splice and maintain, and if it is too long, it will reduce the safety of the fiber. The length of the reserved fiber is generally used during splicing. Before rolling 2~4 circles in the pallet, if you use the same type of pallet for a long time, you can also measure the length that should be reserved first.

2. The fiber optic splice is the most fragile place. If the heat shrinkable tube vibrates due to external force, the joint will break. The optical fibers on both sides of the heat shrinkable tube are also easily broken. Therefore, the heat shrinkable tube must be embedded in the tube holder and fixed, and be careful not to press on the optical fiber. superior.

3. After the optical fiber is coiled, use soft adhesive paper with good stickiness to fix it. It is not suitable to use hard or poor quality adhesive paper such as double-sided tape. Otherwise, over time, the adhesive paper will age and the fiber will become loose and the fiber will become loose when exposed to wind or wind. When external force vibrates, the optical fiber will break or the loss will increase.

 

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● Tips for fixing optical cable splice boxes

1. The most important thing when fixing the splice box is its sealing. When closing the shell of the splice box, check whether it is sealed. Pay special attention to the sealing of the optical cable inlet. It is best to use glue on each port.

2. After the splice box is fixed, the optical cables on both sides should be wound several times and tied firmly. If the optical cable on one side of the splice box is straightened, due to thermal expansion and cold contraction, the inner tube of the splice box will separate from the tray or even retract into the outer sheath of the optical cable. Cause fiber breakage.

 

06
 
Optical fiber distribution frame
 

 

Optical fiber distribution frame is an important supporting equipment in the optical transmission system. It is mainly used for fiber splicing of optical cable terminals, installation of optical connectors, optical path adjustment, storage of excess pigtails and protection of optical cables.

 

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●Four basic functions

1. Fixing function (the outer sheath and reinforcing core must be mechanically fixed);

2. Splicing function (after the optical fiber led out of the optical cable and the tail cable are spliced, the excess optical fiber is coiled and stored);

3. Deployment function (plug the connector on the tail cable into the adapter and realize optical path docking with the optical connector on the other side of the adapter);

4. Storage function (provides storage for various cross-connected optical cables between racks, with clear wiring and easy adjustment).

 

07
 
Optical fiber transceiver
 

 

The optical fiber transceiver is an Ethernet transmission media conversion unit that exchanges short-distance twisted pair electrical signals and long-distance optical signals. It is also called a photoelectric converter in many places.

 

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●The role of optical fiber transceiver

1. Extend the transmission distance;

2. Can convert between 10M, 100M or 1000M Ethernet electrical interface and optical interface;

3. Save network investment;

4. Microprocessor and diagnostic interface to detect data link performance;

5. Make the interconnection between servers, repeaters, hubs, terminals and terminals faster.

 

●The difference between single-fiber transceiver and dual-fiber transceiver

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When the optical fiber transceiver is embedded with an optical module, the optical fiber transceiver is divided into a single-fiber transceiver and a dual-fiber transceiver according to the number of fiber cores of the connected optical fiber jumper. The linearity of the optical fiber jumper connected to the single-fiber transceiver is one fiber core, which is responsible for both transmitting and receiving data; while the linearity of the optical fiber jumper connected to the dual-fiber transceiver is two fiber cores, where One fiber core is responsible for transmitting data, and the other fiber core is responsible for receiving data.

 

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When the optical fiber transceiver does not have an embedded optical module, it needs to be distinguished according to the inserted optical module. When a single-fiber bidirectional optical module is inserted into the optical fiber converter, that is, when the interface is a simplex type, the optical fiber transceiver is single-fiber. Transceiver; when a dual-fiber bidirectional optical module is inserted into the optical fiber transceiver, that is, when the interface is of duplex type, the transceiver is a dual-fiber transceiver.

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